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Teaching History


Dr. Fleming became involved in early Intacs™ research in the mid-1980's. During that period he published several scientific papers on the subject. He also began a series of speaking engagements at scientific meetings where he presented the results of this research to other ophthalmologists.

In the mid-1990's when the Intacs™ procedure gained approval in Europe, Dr. Fleming embarked on a series of overseas and domestic trips for training of other surgeons between 1996 and 2000. In the process he presented courses, proctored surgeons, and sometimes performed Intacs™ surgery in numerous countries. His visits included England, France, Germany, Italy, Sweden, Denmark, Greece, Crete, Austria, Switzerland, Spain, Hong Kong, and Singapore. His first visit to Singapore involved his performance of the first Intacs™ procedure done in Asia as a televised transmission to the attendees of a conference of Asian eye surgeons.

In Italy he met Italian eye surgeon Carlo Lovisolo. Dr. Lovisolo, Dr. Fleming, and P.M. Pesando published the first textbook on Intacs™ entitled Intrastromal Corneal Ring Segments.